Chemotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that uses strong chemicals and drugs to destroy cancer cells. It’s typically used when cancer has spread beyond a single area or when surgery or radiation alone is not effective. Chemotherapy may also be given before surgery to shrink tumors or after treatment to kill any remaining cells. The decision to begin chemotherapy depends on the cancer type, stage, and overall health of the patient.
How Chemotherapy Works to Fight Cancer
Chemotherapy works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, which include cancer cells. These drugs travel through the bloodstream and reach cancer cells throughout the body. By interfering with cell division, chemotherapy slows or stops the growth of cancer. However, because it affects other fast-dividing cells, like those in the hair follicles, bone marrow, and digestive system, side effects can occur. The goal is to either cure the cancer, control its spread, or relieve symptoms, depending on the case. Treatment regimens can include one drug or a combination.
Types of Chemotherapy and Treatment Delivery Methods
There are many types of chemotherapy based on how the drugs are administered. The most common methods include:
- Intravenous (IV) chemotherapy through a vein
- Oral chemotherapy in pill or capsule form
- Injection chemotherapy directly into muscles or skin
- Topical chemotherapy for certain skin cancers
In some cases, regional chemotherapy is used to target a specific body part. The choice of delivery method depends on cancer location, drug type, and patient condition.
Common Cancers Treated With Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is used to treat a wide range of cancers. It’s commonly used in breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer, among others. It’s also effective in treating cancers that have metastasized or returned after initial treatment. In some cases, it’s used alongside radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. The combination helps improve survival rates and quality of life.
Delhi has established itself as a medical hub with some of the most advanced cancer care facilities. The city has top oncology hospitals equipped with modern technology, experienced specialists, and comprehensive care. If you’re looking for proper care, many choose chemotherapy treatment in Delhi for its combination of infrastructure and skilled professionals.
What to Expect Before Starting Chemotherapy
Before beginning treatment, patients typically undergo blood tests, imaging scans, and a thorough health evaluation. The oncologist will discuss the drugs to be used, potential side effects, expected outcomes, and how to prepare mentally and physically. Patients may need to have a port or catheter inserted for IV treatments. It’s also a good time to plan transportation, take time off work if necessary, and seek support.
Side Effects and How They Are Managed
While chemotherapy targets cancer cells, it can affect healthy cells too, causing side effects. Common ones include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, appetite changes, and lowered immunity. Fortunately, medical advances have made side effect management more effective. Anti-nausea medications, growth factors, and lifestyle changes are often recommended. Patients are told to report any issues early so adjustments can be made.
Emotional and Mental Preparation for Treatment
Facing chemotherapy can bring challenges, such as fear, anxiety, and uncertainty. Patients are advised to speak openly with their care team and consider counseling or support groups. Mental preparedness helps in coping with the physical toll of treatment. Keeping a journal, practicing relaxation techniques, and staying connected with loved ones can make a big difference.
Nutrition and Lifestyle Tips During Chemotherapy
Proper nutrition supports the body’s ability to tolerate chemotherapy and recover between cycles. Patients should go for small, balanced meals rich in protein, vitamins, and fluids. Avoiding processed foods, staying hydrated, and limiting alcohol and caffeine can also help. Light physical activity, when approved by a doctor, may improve energy levels and mood. Lifestyle modifications are part of an overall approach and should be made to how the patient feels during each stage of treatment.
Questions to Ask Your Oncologist Before Beginning
Patients should consider asking:
- What is the goal of this chemotherapy treatment?
- What side effects should I expect and how are they managed?
- How long will each cycle last? How many cycles will I undergo?
- Will this treatment affect fertility or long-term health?
- Are there alternative or complementary therapies I can consider?
Support Systems and Coping Strategies
Friends and family can help with logistics, meals, and emotional encouragement. Professional help, such as oncology support groups, also offers a safe space to share experiences and seek advice. Online communities and patient networks have become valuable resources, especially for those unable to travel frequently.
